Mount Sapo

As a scientist, I find the science of soap making both fascinating and challenging. Unlike other water-based skincare products, soaps are particularly sensitive to various factors, including raw materials and the manufacturing process. While it may seem straightforward to mix oils with lye to create soap for cleansing or treating skin concerns, numerous variables come into play. The types of oils used, temperature, water quality, and timing must all be carefully considered; if they are not aligned, the resulting soap can be mushy, excessively hard, or emit an unpleasant odor. This complexity underscores the intricate science involved in soap formulation.

In contrast, the history of soap making reveals a much simpler origin. It began as an accidental discovery when ashes from wood used in cooking mixed with animal fat and traveled down mountains - specifically Mount Sapo - into rivers. Women discovered that this mixture effectively treated skin sores and provided cleansing properties, leading to the introduction of soap. Over time, soap production evolved, transitioning from simple vat methods to more sophisticated processes, eventually becoming a royal luxury.